Welcome to CEE Unix Computing Laboratory (UCL) HelpDesk and FAQ (Frequently Asked Question) homepage. This page is designed to answer various common questions to CEE Unix users (both new and current) as well as provide a brief introduction to many general topics on Unix and Internet. Hopefully, this would become a helpful and learning resources to you, and your experience with CEE Unix Computing Laboratory becomes a pleasant, productive and rewarding one. Keep in mind that topics and help items will be constantly added and updated, so check this page often. If you'd like to see a particular topic or item to be added to this page and/or to make a suggestion/comment, please e-mail to CEE UCL HelpDesk maintainer. ->> Jump to a particular CEE UCL HelpDesk and FAQ topic Unix:   How Do I Do That?    Dealing with "Uh-oh" Uh-oh, I have an error message. Who should I contact to resolve the problem? Uh-oh, one of my programs got stuck. How do I 'unstick' it? Uh-oh, How do I eject a floppy disk from a workstation? General Topics Why people turn their faces away when I enter my password? How do I find on-line help on a particular command? How do I use wildcard characters more effectively? How do I use these special Unix control-key combinations? I never heard about this '***' Unix, what is it? What does this `POSIX` or `POSIX 1003.2` standard mean? Dealing with your Shell How do I find which shell I'm running? What kind of shells are available in CEE Unix network? What are the differences among various shells? How do I change my login shell? How do I change my system prompt? How do I assign shell variables? Overview: How do I assign alias(es) to my login shell? C shell (csh) - How do I assign alias(es)? Korn shell (ksh) - How do I assign alias(es)? Bourne Again shell (bash) - How do I assign alias(es)? Tc shell (tcsh) - How do I assign alias(es)? Z shell (zsh) - How do I assign alias(es)? Collection of few useful aliases Dealing with your Account Why people turn their faces away when I enter my password? How do I change current password of my account? How do I generate "Good" passwords What are those dot files (.***) in my home directory? How do I change my system prompt? What's wrong with having '.' in my $PATH setup? Dealing with File & File system How do I "undelete" a file? How do I display text from file(s) to the screen? How do I list files and directories? How do I get a recursive directory listing? How do I create/rename/delete files and directories? How do I find my disk usage? How do I find the creation time of a file? How do I get the date into a filename? How do I remove a file whose name begins with a "-" ? How do I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar", or change file names to all lowercase? How do I use 'tar' (file archive) and 'gzip' (file compression)? What is this file extension ".***" means? Dealing with your Floppy disk How do I copy file(s) from/to a floppy disk? Uh-oh, How do I eject a floppy disk from a workstation? Is there any command available for dealing with a floppy disk? Dealing with Text Editors How do I use 'Pico' text editor? Dealing with E-mail Important Tips on Using E-mail Don't be an E-mail hog How do I use Pine e-mail program? Overview Important Tips on Using E-mail Starting Pine Quitting Pine Writing/Composing an e-mail in Pine Sending out or Not sending, That is the Question Listing, Viewing, Replying to, and Forwarding e-mails What Your Message Index Screen Tells Saving an E-mail Message Deleting an E-mail Message Managing your Pine Folders Adding a Folder Deleting a Folder Moving E-mail Messages Between Folders Printing E-mails Using Pine's Address Book Sending Files by E-mail Important Tips When you're Sending Files Receiving/Saving Files (=Attachments) from an E-mail Pine Compose/Edit Command Key Summary How do I automatically forward incoming e-mails to the other e-mail address? I'll be out of town for weeks. What should I do with incoming e-mails during my absence? Dealing with Web Browsers How do I display Chinese characters in Netscape? How do I display Marathi(Indian) characters in Netscape? Dealing with Network How do I deal with connection problems to a remote site? Introduction to Unix at CEE UCL    a "Must" item for new CEE UCL Unix users A Very Brief History of Unix It's All about Kernel... Some Precautions Unix Crash Course 101 First Log in, Password, Log out Do and Don't of Managing Your Password Techniques for Generating "Good" Passwords Finding Help Working with the Unix file system Files Directory Listing Directories and Files Creating/Renaming/Deleting Files and Directories Permission Level Displaying Text from File(s) Unix Process Unix Process Control Redirection Pipes Pipe List Dealing with Disk Usage Disk Usage Free Disk Space File Archival and Compression A Summary: Basic Unix Commands for a Tenderfoot On-line Tutorials and Good Housekeeping Internet    "The" Internet - History and Overview Overview The Internet - History & Background What Makes Up the Internet? Who Governs the Internet? Who Pays for It? What Does This Mean for Me? What Does the Future Hold? New Standard Protocols International Connections Commercialization Privatization Netiquette "Netiquette" Rules and Conventions DOs and DON'Ts of Netiquette (or how to avoid most flames) Internet & Network Security Overview Do and Don't of Managing Your Password Techniques for Generating "Good" Passwords Spamming The Origin of SPAM What to do when you see a SPAM or got SPAMed Popular Internet & Network Tools    Archie (Archive Server Listing Service) Introduction Archie access modes Accessing Archie using a Local Archie Client Accessing Archie by Telnet Frequently Used Telnet Archie Commands Accessing Archie by e-mail Frequently Used e-mail Archie Commands Maximizing Archie search using 'Patterns' FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Overview Basics: Concept and Getting around Learn Through Examples: a Complete anonymous FTP session for downloading files Different Types of File Format: "ASCII" and "Binary" Multiple File Transfers using "mget" Automatic Multiple File Transfers using "mget" & "prompt" Monitoring File Transfers using "hash" Uploading file(s) using FTP Summary of Frequently Used FTP commands FTP Mail Handling Binary Files through FTP Mail How do I stop the listings from scrolling off the screen? Where do I get anonymous FTP site listing? Problems with connecting a Site Listserv Introduction to LISTSERV Subscribing to a LISTSERV mailing list Subscribing Commands for LISTSERV Sending commands to LISTSERV Finding LISTSERV discussion lists Retrieving information from LISTSERV File server/Archives Commands to manipulate files on a LISTSERV server Getting to know a LISTSERV server Usenet Overview Newsgroup - the Backbone of Usenet Suggestions to a Newbie to Usenet Some Tips for Making the Best out of Usenet